Thomas research interests focus on mine closure and exploring site specific solutions for the construction of safe, stable, sustainable and non-polluting landforms.
In his research, Professor Thomas Baumgartl investigates soil hydrological and soil mechanical processes and their effect on the environmental performance of rebuilt landforms including constructed covers over waste rock or tailings storage facilities. This includes designing and setting up test sites and monitoring critical water balance parameters like deep drainage, runoff, evaporation and water storage (plant growth). Data interpretation and numerical modelling under various climatic conditions are applied for the assessment of the performance for the purpose of mine closure.
Cross-discipline, Thomas collaborates in studies on geochemical properties and ageing behaviour of substrates like land covers from soil, waste rock, tailings, for the purpose to predict their hydrological and geochemical evolution and the future trajectory of response within their environment and to inform about their level of risk to successful mine closure.
Thomas has a degree in Geo-ecology from the University of Bayreuth, Germany with a specialisation in soil physics and soil hydrology. He holds a PhD from the University of Bayreuth, Germany and a Venia Legendi at the University of Kiel, Germany.
Thomas is a Fellow of the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation. He is member of the Australian, German and International Soil Science Societies, of AusIMM. Thomas has published over 60 peer-refereed papers in international journals; he is associate editor and member of editorial boards of international journals.
He has been organiser and presenter of workshops to industry and government on mine rehabilitation and mine closure in Australia and overseas and organiser of symposia at international conferences related to mine rehabilitation and land restoration of degraded land. Thomas is Certified Professional Soil Scientist of Soil Science Australia Inc.
Industry
Thomas engages with industry across scales from small to large mining companies, consultancies and government. His engagement with the mining industry is on a national and international level
Collaborations
Thomas has interdisciplinary collaborations with Universities and research organisations (e.g. South America (Chile, Peru), European countries (Germany, Finland, France, UK, Austria), North America (Canada) and China. At a University level he collaborates with colleagues through co-supervision or in an advisory role of RHD students across various disciplines.
Funding
Thomas has been involved in more than 30 projects amounting to a total volume of in average AUD 1,000,000 per year over the last decade and was CI of projects in this period of time amounting to in average AUD 450,000 per year.
Publications
Book Chapter
So, Hwat Bing, Baumgartl, Thomas, Bell, Richard W. and Khalifa, Ashraf M. (2022). Issues and Challenges in the Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use of Highly Disturbed Lands Associated with Mining Activities in Australia. Global Degradation of Soil and Water Resources: Regional Assessment and Strategies. (pp. 525-535) Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-7916-2_33
Journal Articles
Vilim, Filipović, Bucka, Franziska B., Pihlap, Evelin and Baumgartl, Thomas (2024). Soil heterogeneity and the challenge of identifying a trajectory of soil properties development at a mine rehabilitated site. Soil and Tillage Research, 239 106056, 106056. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106056
Yavari, Shahla, McIntyre, Neil, Shao, Qi and Baumgartl, Thomas (2024). Description and assessment of a new high resolution erosion model for constructed landforms. Environmental Modelling & Software, 172 105928, 105928. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105928
Krevh, Vedran, Groh, Jannis, Filipović, Lana, Gerke, Horst H., Defterdarović, Jasmina, Thompson, Sally, Sraka, Mario, Bogunović, Igor, Kovač, Zoran, Robinson, Nathan, Baumgartl, Thomas and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Soil–Water Dynamics Investigation at Agricultural Hillslope with High-Precision Weighing Lysimeters and Soil–Water Collection Systems. Water, 15 (13) 2398, 1-16. doi: 10.3390/w15132398
Defterdarović, Jasmina, Krevh, Vedran, Filipović, Lana, Kovač, Zoran, Phogat, Vinod, He, Hailong, Baumgartl, Thomas and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Using dye and bromide tracers to identify preferential water flow in agricultural hillslope soil under controlled conditions. Water, 15 (12) 2178, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/w15122178
Baghbani, Abolfazl, Nguyen, Minh Duc, Alnedawi, Ali, Milne, Nick, Baumgartl, Thomas and Abuel-Naga, Hossam (2023). Improving soil stability with alum sludge: an AI-enabled approach for accurate prediction of California bearing ratio. Applied Sciences, 13 (8) 4934, 1-26. doi: 10.3390/app13084934
Krevh, Vedran, Groh, Jannis, Weihermüller, Lutz, Filipović, Lana, Defterdarović, Jasmina, Kovač, Zoran, Magdić, Ivan, Lazarević, Boris, Baumgartl, Thomas and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Investigation of hillslope vineyard soil water dynamics using field measurements and numerical modeling. Water, 15 (4) 820, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/w15040820
Filipović, Lana, Defterdarović, Jasmina, Chen, Rui, Krevh, Vedran, Gerke, Horst H., Baumgartl, Thomas, Kovač, Zoran, Ondrašek, Gabrijel, Ružičić, Stanko, He, Hailong, Dusek, Jaromir and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Leached copper correlation with dissolved organic carbon in sloped vineyard soil. Water, 15 (4) 800, 1-13. doi: 10.3390/w15040800
Filipović, Lana, Krevh, Vedran, Chen, Rui, Defterdarović, Jasmina, Kovač, Zoran, Mustać, Ivan, Bogunović, Igor, He, Hailong, Baumgartl, Thomas, Gerke, Horst H., Toor, Gurpal S. and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Quantification of intra- vs. inter-row leaching of major plant nutrients in sloping vineyard soils. Water, 15 (4) 759, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/w15040759
Krevh, Vedran, Filipović, Lana, Petošić, Dragutin, Mustać, Ivan, Bogunović, Igor, Butorac, Jasminka, Kisić, Ivica, Defterdarović, Jasmina, Nakić, Zoran, Kovač, Zoran, Pereira, Paulo, He, Hailong, Chen, Rui, Toor, Gurpal S., Versini, Antoine, Baumgartl, Thomas and Filipović, Vilim (2023). Long-term analysis of soil water regime and nitrate dynamics at agricultural experimental site: field-scale monitoring and numerical modeling using HYDRUS-1D. Agricultural Water Management, 275 108039, 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108039
Shaygan, Mandana and Baumgartl, Thomas (2022). Reclamation of salt-affected land: a review. Soil Systems, 6 (3) 61, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/soilsystems6030061
Boshrouyeh Ghandashtani, Mohammad, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Costine, Allan and Amari, Samar (2022). Investigation of the attenuation and release of Cu2+ Ions by polymer-treated tailings. Minerals, 12 (7) 846, 1-18. doi: 10.3390/min12070846
Shaygan, Mandana, Baumgartl, Thomas and McIntyre, Neil (2022). Characterising soil physical properties of selected Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone in the Sydney Basin Bioregion. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 40 101006, 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101006
Ghandashtani, Mohammad Boshrouyeh, Costine, Allan, Edraki, Mansour and Baumgartl, Thomas (2022). The impacts of high salinity and polymer properties on dewatering and structural characteristics of flocculated high-solids tailings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 342 130726, 130726. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130726
Bucka, Franziska B., Pihlap, Evelin, Kaiser, Jara, Baumgartl, Thomas and Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid (2021). A small-scale test for rapid assessment of the soil development potential in post-mining soils. Soil and Tillage Research, 211 105016. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105016
Drapeau, Clémentine, Argane, Rabei, Delolme, Cécile, Blanc, Denise, Benzaazoua, Mostafa, Hakkou, Rachid, Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour and Lassabatere, Laurent (2021). Lead mobilization and speciation in mining waste: experiments and modeling. Minerals, 11 (6) 606, 606. doi: 10.3390/min11060606
Yavari, Shahla, McIntyre, Neil and Baumgartl, Thomas (2021). An empirical analysis of sediment export dynamics from a constructed landform in the wet tropics. Water, 13 (8) 1087, 1087. doi: 10.3390/w13081087
Drapeau, Clémentine, Delolme, Cécile, Vézin, Clément, Blanc, Denise, Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour and Lassabatère, Laurent (2021). ANC–BNC titrations and geochemical modeling for characterizing calcareous and siliceous mining waste. Minerals, 11 (3) 257, 257-16. doi: 10.3390/min11030257
Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Hueso-Gonzalez, Paloma, Branquinho, Cristina and Baumgartl, Thomas (2021). Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land in arid and semiarid environments: Editorial. Land Degradation and Development, 32 (1), 3-6. doi: 10.1002/ldr.3640
Shaygan, Mandana, Usher, Brent and Baumgartl, Thomas (2020). Modelling hydrological performance of a bauxite residue profile for deposition management of a storage facility. Water, 12 (7) 1988, 1-17. doi: 10.3390/w12071988
Wang, Zhenyu, Lechner, Alex Mark, Yang, Yongjun, Baumgartl, Thomas and Wu, Jiansheng (2020). Mapping the cumulative impacts of long-term mining disturbance and progressive rehabilitation on ecosystem services. Science of the Total Environment, 717 137214, 137214. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137214
Shaygan, Mandana and Baumgartl, Thomas (2020). Simulation of the effect of climate variability on reclamation success of brine-affected soil in semi-arid environments. Sustainability, 12 (1) 5515, 371. doi: 10.3390/su12010371
Hilton, Melinda, Shaygan, Mandana, McIntyre, Neil, Baumgartl, Thomas and Edraki, Mansour (2019). The effect of weathering on salt release from coal mine spoils. Minerals, 9 (12) 760. doi: 10.3390/min9120760
Arnold, Sven, Bulovic, Nevenka, McIntyre, Neil, Finch, Warren K., Larsen, Joshua R., Reading, Lucy P. and Baumgartl, Thomas (2019). Event‐based deep drainage and percolation dynamics in Vertosols and Chromosols. Hydrological Processes, 34 (2) hyp.13592, 370-386. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13592
Weyer, Vanessa D, de Waal, Alta, Lechner, Alex M, Unger, Corinne J, O'Connor, Tim G, Baumgartl, Thomas, Schulze, Roland and Truter, Wayne F (2019). Quantifying rehabilitation risks for surface-strip coal mines using a soil compaction Bayesian network in South Africa and Australia: to demonstrate the R2AIN ramework. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 15 (2), 190-208. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4128
Shaygan, Mandana, Baumgartl, Thomas, Arnold, Sven and Reading, Lucy Pamela (2018). The effect of soil physical amendments on reclamation of a saline-sodic soil: simulation of salt leaching using HYDRUS-1D. Soil Research, 56 (8), 829-845. doi: 10.1071/sr18047
Shaygan, Mandana , Reading, Lucy Pamela , Arnold, Sven and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). Modeling the effect of soil physical amendments on reclamation and revegetation success of a saline-sodic soil in a semi-arid environment. Arid Land Research and Management, 32 (4), 1-28. doi: 10.1080/15324982.2018.1510439
Shaygan, Mandana, Mulligan, David and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). The potential of three halophytes (Tecticornia pergranulata, Sclerolaena longicuspis, and Frankenia serpyllifolia) for the rehabilitation of brine‐affected soils. Land Degradation and Development, 29 (6), 2002-2014. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2954
Emmerton, Bevan, Burgess, Jon, Esterle, Joan, Erskine, Peter and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). The application of natural landform analogy and geology-based spoil classification to improve surface stability of elevated spoil landforms in the Bowen Basin, Australia-a review. Land Degradation and Development, 29 (5), 1489-1508. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2908
Wang, Zhenyu, Lechner, Alex Mark and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). Ecosystem services mapping uncertainty assessment: a case study in the Fitzroy basin mining region. Water, 10 (1) 88, 88. doi: 10.3390/w10010088
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Mulligan, David, Fegan, Warwick and Munawar, Ali (2017). Geochemical characteristics of rehabilitated tailings and associated seepages at Kidston gold mine, Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 33 (2), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/17480930.2017.1362542
Yuan, Mingrui, Xu, Zhi Ping, Nguyen, Tuan, Baumgartl, Thomas and Longbin Huang (2017). Interaction of Humic Acid with Cu/Pb-Zn Tailings of Different Degrees of Weathering. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81 (4), 712-722. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2016.04.0110
Shaygan, Mandana, Baumgartl, Thomas and Arnold, Sven (2017). Germination of Atriplex halimus seeds under salinity and water stress. Ecological Engineering, 102, 636-640. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.050
Chan, Jaclyn, Plante, Alain F., Peltre, Clément, Baumgartl, Thomas and Erskine, Peter (2017). Quantitative differentiation of coal, char and soil organic matter in an Australian coal minesoil. Thermochimica Acta, 650, 44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2017.02.006
Shaygan, Mandana, Reading, Lucy Pamela and Baumgartl, Thomas (2017). Effect of physical amendments on salt leaching characteristics for reclamation. Geoderma, 292, 96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.007
Wang, Zhenyu, Lechner, Alex Mark and Baumgartl, Thomas (2017). Mapping cumulative impacts of mining on sediment retention ecosystem service in an Australian mining region. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 25 (1), 1-12. doi: 10.1080/13504509.2016.1277564
Opitz, J., Edraki, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2016). The effect of particle size and mineral liberation on the acid generating potential of sulphidic waste rock. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 16 (3-4), 245-252. doi: 10.1144/geochem2015-385
Gonzales, C., Scheuermann, A., Arnold, S. and Baumgartl, T. (2016). Application of spatial time domain reflectometry measurements in heterogeneous, rocky substrates. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 13 (5) 758, 758-767. doi: 10.1088/1742-2132/13/5/758
Shao, Qi and Baumgartl, Thomas (2016). Field evaluation of three modified infiltration models for the simulation of rainfall sequences. Soil Science, 181 (2), 45-56. doi: 10.1097/SS.0000000000000136
Yuan, Mingrui, Xu, Zhi Ping, Baumgartl, Thomas and Huang, Longbin (2016). Organic amendment and plant growth improved aggregation in Cu/Pb-Zn tailings. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 80 (1), 27-37. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2015.03.0091
Everingham, Jo-Anne, Collins, Nina, Cavaye, Jim, Rifkin, Will, Vink, Sue, Baumgartl, Thomas and Rodriguez, Daniel (2016). Energy from the foodbowl: associated land-use conflicts, risks and wicked problems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 154, 68-80. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.01.011
Shao, Qi, Weatherley, Dion, Huang, Longbin and Baumgartl, Thomas (2015). RunCA: a cellular automata model for simulating surface runoff at different scales. Journal of Hydrology, 529 (P3), 816-829. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.003
Reading, L. P., Lockington, D. A., Bristow, K.L. and Baumgartl, T. (2015). Are we getting accurate measurements of Ksat for sodic clay soils?. Agricultural Water Management, 158, 120-125. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.015
Fan, Junliang, Scheuermann, Alexander, Guyot, Adrien, Baumgartl, Thomas and Lockington, David A. (2015). Quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of root-zone soil water in a mixed forest on subtropical coastal sand dune using surface ERT and spatial TDR. Journal of Hydrology, 523, 475-488. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.064
Fan, Junliang, Baumgartl, Thomas, Scheuermann, Alexander and Lockington, David A. (2015). Modeling effects of canopy and roots on soil moisture and deep drainage. Vadose Zone Journal, 14 (2), vzj2014.09.0131-18. doi: 10.2136/vzj2014.09.0131
Park, Jin Hee, Edraki, Mansour and Baumgartl, Thomas (2015). A practical testing approach to predict the geochemical hazards of in-pit coal mine tailings and rejects. Catena, 148, 3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.10.027
Lechner, Alex Mark, Baumgartl, Thomas, Matthew, Phil and Glenn, Vanessa (2014). The impact of underground longwall mining on prime agricultural land: a review and research agenda. Land Degradation & Development, 27 (6), 1650-1663. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2303
Yuan, Mingrui, Xu, Zhi Ping, Baumgartl, Thamos and Huang, Longbin (2014). Effects of surface properties of organic matters on cation adsorption in solution phase. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 225 (9) 2100. doi: 10.1007/s11270-014-2100-0
Arnold, Sven, Kailichova, Yolana, Knauer, Jürgen, Ruthsatz, Alexander D. and Baumgartl, Thomas (2014). Effects of soil water potential on germination of co-dominantBrigalow species: Implications for rehabilitation of water-limitedecosystems in the Brigalow Belt bioregion. Ecological Engineering, 70, 35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.04.015
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Manlapig, Emmanuel, Bradshaw, Dee, Franks, Daniel M. and Moran, Chris J. (2014). Designing mine tailings for better environmental, social and economic outcomes: a review of alternative approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84 (1), 411-420. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.079
Arnold, Sven, Kailichova, Yolana and Baumgartl, Thomas (2014). Germination of Acacia harpophylla (Brigalow)seeds in relation to soil water potential: implications for rehabilitation of a threatened ecosystem. PeerJ, 2013 (1), 1-15. doi: 10.7717/peerj.268
Shao, Qi and Baumgartl, Thomas (2014). Estimating input parameters for four infiltration models from basic soil, vegetation and rainfall properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 78 (5), 1507-1521. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0122
Arnold, S., Schneider, A., Doley, D. and Baumgartl, T. (2014). The limited impact of vegetation on the water balance of mine waste cover systems in semi-arid Australia. Ecohydrology, 8 (3), 355-367. doi: 10.1002/eco.1485
Hallett, Paul D., Baumgartl, Thomas, Seville, Jonathan P. K., Horn, Rainer and Dexter, Anthony R. (2014). Tensile strain-rate dependency of pore water pressure and failure strength of soil. Vadose Zone Journal, 13 (5), vzj2013.06.0098-6. doi: 10.2136/vzj2013.06.0098
Micheli-Campbell, Mariana A., Baumgartl, Thomas, Booth, David T., Campbell, Hamish A., Connell, Marilyn and Franklin, Craig E. (2013). Selectivity and repeated use of nesting sites in a freshwater turtle. Herpetologica, 69 (4), 383-396. doi: 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-12-00057
Wong, Ming-Hung, Noller, Barry, Naidu, Ravi and Baumgartl, Thomas (2013). Contaminated land, ecological assessment, and remediation conference series (CLEAR 2012): environmental pollution and risk assessments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Online First (12), 1-3. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2194-8
Audet, P., Arnold, S., Lechner, A. M. and Baumgartl, T. (2013). Site-specific climate analysis elucidates revegetation challenges for post-mining landscapes in eastern Australia. Biogeosciences, 10 (10), 6545-6557. doi: 10.5194/bg-10-6545-2013
Li, Xiaofang, Park, Jin Hee, Edraki, Mansour and Baumgartl, Thomas (2013). Understanding the salinity issue of coal mine spoils in the context of salt cycle. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36 (3), 453-465. doi: 10.1007/s10653-013-9573-4
Park, Jin Hee, Li, Xiaofang, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Kirsch, Bernie (2013). Geochemical assessments and classification of coal mine spoils for better understanding of potential salinity issues at closure. Environmental Science Processes and Impacts, 15 (6), 1235-1244. doi: 10.1039/C3EM30672K
Arnold, Sven, Audet, Patrick, Doley, David and Baumgartl, Thomas (2013). Hydropedology and ecohydrology of the Brigalow Belt, Australia: opportunities for ecosystem rehabilitation in semiarid environments. Vadose Zone Journal, 12 (4), vzj2013.03.0052-10. doi: 10.2136/vzj2013.03.0052
Rusdinar, Yuni, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Mulligan, David and Miller, Stuart (2013). Long term performance of hydrogeochemical riverine mine tailings deposition at Freeport Indonesia. Mine Water and the Environment, 32 (1), 56-70. doi: 10.1007/s10230-012-0212-6
Audet, P., Arnold, S., Lechner, A. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Baumgartl, T. (2012). Climate suitability estimates offer insight into fundamental revegetation challenges among post-mining rehabilitated landscapes in eastern Australia. Biogeosciences Discussions, 9 (12), 18545-18569. doi: 10.5194/bgd-9-18545-2012
Arnold, Sven, Thornton, Craig and Baumgartl, Thomas (2012). Ecohydrological feedback as a land restoration tool in the semi-arid Brigalow Belt, QLD, Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 163, 61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.05.020
Schneider, A., Arnold, S., Doley, D., Mulligan, D. and Baumgartl, T. (2012). The importance of plant water use on evapotranspiration covers in semi-arid Australia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussion, 9 (10), 11911-11940. doi: 10.5194/hessd-9-11911-2012
Huang, Longbin, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2012). Is rhizosphere remediation sufficient for sustainable revegetation of mine tailings?. Annals of Botany, 110 (2), 223-238. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs115
Reading, Lucy P., Baumgartl, Thomas, Bristow, Keith L. and Lockington, David A. (2012). Applying HYDRUS to flow in a Sodic clay soil with solution composition–dependent hydraulic conductivity. Vadose Zone Journal, 11 (2), vzj2011.0137. doi: 10.2136/vzj2011.0137
Reading, Lucy P., Baumgartl, Thomas, Bristow, Keith L. and Lockington, David A. (2012). Hydraulic conductivity increases in a sodic clay soil in response to gypsum applications: Impacts of bulk density and cation exchange. Soil Science, 177 (3), 165-171. doi: 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182408f4f
van der Westhuizen, C., Rintoul, L. and Baumgartl, T. (2011). Mined sand dune rehabilitation success on North Stradbroke Island: A study of the origin and effects of hydrophobicity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 117, 365-376.
Schneider, Anne, Baumgartl, Thomas, Doley, David and Mulligan, David (2010). Evaluation of the heterogeneity of constructed landforms for rehabilitation using lysimeters. Vadose Zone Journal, 9 (4), 898-909. doi: 10.2136/vzj2009.0172
Horn, R., Markgraf, W., Baumgartl, T. and Bartsch, W. (2009). Wechselwirkung zwischen mechanischer auflast und mikrobiologischer aktivitate in boden. Die Bodenkultur, 60 (2), 21-29.
Bachmann, Jorg, Guggenberger, Georg, Baumgartl, Thomas, Ellerbrock, Ruth H., Urbanek, Emilia, Goebel, Marc-O., Kaiser, Klaus, Horn, Rainer and Fischer, Walter R. (2008). Physical carbon-sequestration mechanisms under special consideration of soil wettability. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 171 (1), 14-26. doi: 10.1002/jpln.200700054
Jasinska, E, Wetzel, H, Baumgartl, T and Horn, R (2006). Heterogeneity of physico-chemical properties in structured soils and its consequences. Pedosphere, 16 (3), 284-296. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60054-4
Baumgartl, Thomas and Kock, Bernhard (2004). Modelling Volume Change and Mechanical Properties With Hydraulic Models. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68 (1), 57-65. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2004.5700
Uhlig, C., Wriedt, G., Baumgartl, T. and Horn, R. (2002). Measurement of redox potential inside a suction probe. Journal of Plant Nutrition And Soil Science-zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenernahrung Und Bodenkunde, 165 (1), 35-38. doi: 10.1002/1522-2624(200202)165:1<35::AID-JPLN35>3.0.CO;2-K
Zhang, B, Zhao, QG, Horn, R and Baumgartl, T (2001). Shear strength of surface soil as affected by soil bulk density and soil water content. Soil & Tillage Research, 59 (3-4), 97-106. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00163-5
Hallett, P. D., Baumgartl, T. and Young, I. M. (2001). Subcritical water repellency of aggregates from a range of soil management practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65 (1), 184-190. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2001.651184x
Zhang, B., Horn, R. and Baumgartl, T. (2001). Changes in penetration resistance of Ultisols from southern China as affected by shearing. Soil & Tillage Research, 57 (4), 193-202. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00148-3
Baumgartl, Th. and Horn, R. (1991). Effect of aggregate stability on soil compaction. Soil and Tillage Research, 19 (2-3), 203-213. doi: 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90088-F
Conference Papers
Boshrouyeh, Bob, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Costine, Allan (2023). Polymer-amended tailings dewatering technology for desired closure outcomes. Life of Mine, Brisbane, QLD Australia, 2-4 August 2023.
Reeves, J. M., Baumgartl, T., Morgan, D., Reimers, V. and Green, M. (2022). Community capacity to envisage a post-mine future: rehabilitation options for Latrobe Valley brown coal mines. 15th International Conference on Mine Closure, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4-6 October 2022. Perth, WA, Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics. doi: 10.36487/ACG_repo/2215_09
Perdigao, C., Dyson, A., Yaghoubi, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2021). Inspection of open-pit mine drainage characteristics with a horizontal borehole camera. 14th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference, Helsinki, Finland, 18-19 January 2021 . Bristol, United Kingdom: Institute of Physics. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/727/1/012008
Kelm, U., Baumgartl, T., Edraki, M., Gutiérrez, L., Jerez, O., Morales, J. and Novoselov, A. (2019). Mineralogy of tailings: challenges to usual routines of characterization. 29th International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC 2018), Moscow, Russia, 17-21 September 2018. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
Richards, B. G., Shaygan, M., Edraki, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2017). The impact of salinity on the calculation of evaporation from tailings. Enviromine Srmining 2017, Santiago, Chile, 8-10 November 2017. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Baumgartl, Thomas , Glenn, Vanessa , Erskine, Peter and Chan, Jaclyn (2016). Spatial and temporal changes of soil organic carbon content since time of reclamation of mine soils in a semi-arid environment of Australia. EGU General Assembly 2016, Vienna Austria, 17–22 April 2016. Goettingen, Germany: Copernicus.
Unger C. J., Bond, C. J., Baumgartl, T., Glenn, V. C. and Sabourenkov, P. (2016). 'MRC-wiki' – a mine rehabilitation and closure knowledge management tool for Central Queensland coalmine practitioners. Life-of-Mine 2016 Conference, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 28-30 September 2016. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: AusIMM.
Baumgartl, Thomas, Farioli, Andrea and Arnold, Sven (2015). Integration of climate analysis into a framework for cover design. 10th International Conference on AcidRock Drainage and Annual IMWA Conference, Santiago, Chile, 21-24 April 2015. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin Digital Publications.
Forsyth, Bronwen, Edraki, Mansour and Baumgartl, Thomas (2015). The evolution of tailings seepage chemistry at one of Australia’s largest and longest operating mines. 10th International Conference on AcidRock Drainage and Annual IMWA Conference, Santiago, Chile, 21-24 April 2015. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin Digital Publications.
Unger C J, Woodley A, Gillespie M, Baumgartl T, Smith Carl, Erskine P and Fletcher A (2015). ACARP C23023 Industry-based rehabilitation and closure knowledge management system: Scoping Study. Tom Farrell Institute, Mined Land Rehabilitation conference, Singleton, NSW, Australia, 26 March 2015.
Baumgartl, T., Arnold, S., Audet, P. and Lechner, A. (2014). Development of climate-based suitability indices for the improvement of success in rehabilitation. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Chan, J., Baumgartl, T., Erskine, P. D., Peltre, C. and Plante, A. (2014). Distinguishing carbon fractions in coalmine rehabilitated soils. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Gonzales, C., Baumgartl, T., Scheuermann, A. and Soliman, A. (2014). Soil moisture profile of a water-shedding cover design in central Queensland. 6th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT 2014), Sydney, Australia, 2-4 July 2014. Leiden, Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema. doi: 10.1201/b17034-205
Everingham, Jo-Anne, Collins, Nina, Rifkin, Will, Rodriguez, Daniel, Baumgartl, Thomas, Cavaye, Jim and Vink, Sue (2014). How farmers, graziers, miners, and gas-industry personnel see their potential for coexistence in rural Queensland. Richardson, TX United States: Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi: 10.2118/167016-PA
Edraki, M., Huynh, T., Baumgartl, T., Huang, L., Andrusiewicz, M., Tungpalan, K., Tayebi-Khorami, M., Wightman, E., Palaniandy, S., Manlapig, E., Evans, C., Farrokhpay, S., Bradshaw, D. and Vink, S. (2014). Designer tailings – an integrated model for tailings management. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T., Zhou, L. and Mulligan, D. R. (2014). The new paradigm for phytostabilising mine wastes – ecologically engineered pedogenesis and functional root zones. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Edraki, Mansour, Huynh, Trang, Baumgartl, Thomas, Huang, Longbin, Andrusiewicz, Michal, Tungpalan, Kate, Tayebi-Khorami, Maedeh, Wightman, Elaine, Palaniandy, Sam, Manlapig, Emmanuel, Evans, Cathy, Farrokhpay, Saeed, Bradshaw, Dee and Vink, Sue (2014). Designer tailings: improving the management of tailings through collaborative research. AMD14: The Triennial 8th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 29 April–2 May, 2014. Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia: JKTech.
Gonzales, C., Baumgartl, T., Edraki, M. and Soliman, A. (2014). Mine wastes as cover materials in a water-shedding soil cover in North-west Queensland. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Shao, Q., Baumgartl, T., Huang, L. and Weatherley, D. (2014). A cellular automata-based run-of model and its application in mined land rehabilitation designs. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Williams, D. J., Kirsch, P. A., Gasparon, M., Baumgartl, T., Edraki, M., Rowe, D. and Harris, J. (2014). Application of RISKGATE to coal mine tailings dams. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Scheuermann, A, Gonzales, C., Fan, J., Braga, B., Baumgartl, T., Lockington, D., Schlaeger, S., Becker, R., Wagner, N. and Hubner, C. (2014). Spatial Time Domain Reflectometry (spatial TDR) in geo-environmental engineering. 2014 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), Queenstown, New Zealand, 18-20 February 2014. Piscataway, NJ, United States: IEEE Computer Society. doi: 10.1109/SAS.2014.6798953
Baumgartl, Thomas and Gonzales, Chris (2013). Controlling water flow in waste rock covers. enviromine2013: 3rd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in Mining, Santiago, Chile, 4-6 December, 2013. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Everingham, J., Collins, N., Baumgartl, T., Vink, S., Mulligan, D., Rifkin, W., Rodriguez, D. and Cavaye, J (2013). Beyond science and engineering: Tackling socio-environmental issues in the resources industry. Sustainable Development in Minerals Industry Conference (SDIMI), Milos Island, Greece, 30 June - 3 July 2013.
Everingham, J., Collins, N., Rifkin, W., Rodriguez, D., Baumgartl, T., Cavaye, J. and Vink, S. (2013). How farmers, graziers, miners, and gas industry personnel see their potential for co-existence in rural Queensland. SPE 13URCE: Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition-Asia Pacific 2013, South Bank, QLD, Australia, 11-13 November, 2013. Richardson, TX, USA: Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). doi: 10.2118/167016-MS
Edraki, Mansour, Huynh, Trang, Baumgartl, Thomas, Huang, Longbin, Andrusiewicz, Michal, Tungpalan, Kate, Tayebi-Khorami, Maedeh, Wightman, Elaine, Palaniandy, Sam, Manlapig, Emmanuel, Evans, Cathy, Farrokhpay, Saeed, Bradshaw, Dee and Vink, Sue (2013). Designing mine tailings through collaborative research. enviromine2013: 3rd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in Mining, Santiago, Chile, 4-6 December, 2013. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Forsyth, Bronwen, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Lassabaterre, Laurent (2013). Contaminant release from sulfidic mine tailings: column experiments and geochemical modelling. enviromine2013: 3rd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in Mining, Santiago, Chile, 4-6 December, 2013. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Schneider, A., Baumgartl, T., Doley, D. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Variability in parameters of the water balance equation and their influence on evapotranspiration cover performance. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
White, O., Maczkowiack, R. I., Erskine, P. D. and Baumgartl, T. (2012). Walk or talk – is the current mine approval process in Queensland delivering rehabilitation and closure success?. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10- 12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Schneider, Anne, Doley, David, Arnold, Sven, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2012). Evapotranspiration on a mine cover system in central New South Wales, Australia. Soil Science: Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference: Soil solutions for diverse landscapes, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 2-7 December 2012. Victoria, Australia: Australian Society of Soil Science.
Arnold, Sven, Lechner, Alex and Baumgartl, Thomas (2012). Merging modelling and experimental approaches to advance ecohydrological system understanding. General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (25th, IUGG, 2011): IAHS workshop HW05, Melbourne, Australia, 28 June–7 July 2011. Wallingford, Oxon, U.K.: IAHS Press.
Edraki, M., Forsyth, B., Baumgartl, T. and Bradshaw, D. (2012). Geochemistry of tailings and seepage from three tailings storage facilities in Australia - Uncapped, capped and active tailings. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Arnold, Sven, Knauer, Jurgen, Baiquni, Hendry and Baumgartl, Thomas (2012). Effect of water potential on germination of seeds in ecosystem restoration, Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia. Soil Science: Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference: Soil solutions for diverse landscapes, Hobart, Australia, 2-7 December 2012. Victoria, Australia: Australian Society of Soil Science.
Baumgartl, T. and Richards, B. G. (2012). Evaporation and salt transport under variable climatic conditions. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Sustainable phytostabilisation of mine tailings – a critical analysis of system requirements and approaches. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Baumgartl, T., Schneider, A. and Mulligan, D. (2011). Applicability of cover designs in different climates of Australia. 7th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage (2011), Darwin, Australia, 21-24 June 2011. Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia: JKTech.
Mohajeri, Arash, Muhlhaus, Hans, Gross, Lutz and Baumgartl, Thomas (2011). Coupled mechanical-hydrological-chemical problems in elasto-plastic saturated soils and soft rocks using escript. 9th International Workshop on Bifurcation and Degradation in Geomaterials, Porquerolles Island, Provence, France, 23-26 May 2011. Dordrecht , Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-1421-2
Rusdinar, Yuni, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2011). A hydrogeochemical review of riverine mine tailings deposition at Freeport Indonesia. Enviromine 2011, 2nd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 23-25 November 2011. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Huang, Longbin, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2011). Organic matter amendment in copper mine tailings improving primary physical structure, water storage and native grass growth. Enviromine 2011, 2nd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 23-25 November 2011. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Forsyth, B., Edraki, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2011). Understanding the long-term seepage chemistry of base metal mine tailings in a semi-arid tropical climate, Mount Isa, Australia. 7th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage (AMD), Darwin, Australia, 21-24 June 2011. Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia: JKTech.
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T. and Mulligan, D. (2011). System requirements for reconstructing root zone for sustainable revegetation of mined land. Australian Mine Rehabilitation Workshop, Adelaide South Australia, 17-19 August 2011.
Schneider, Anne, Baumgartl, Thomas, Doley, David and Mulligan, David (2010). Store and release cover systems: A suitable preventative for acid mine drainage in semi-arid monsoonal Queensland?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 1-6 August 2010. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: International Union of Soil Sciences.
Reading, Lucy, Lockington, David A., Bristow, Keith L. and Baumgartl, Thomas (2010). Impacts of sodic soil amelioration on deep drainage. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, Australia, 1-6 August 2010. Warragul, VIC, Australia: Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated.
Baiquni H., Baumgartl T., Mulligan D. and Doley, D. (2010). What are the chances of successfully replacing buffel grass with native plant communities in central Queensland’s rehabilitation sites?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, Australia, 1-6 August 2010.
Schneider, A, Baumgartl, T, Doley, D and Mulligan, D (2010). Store and Release Cover Systems: a suitable preventive for Acid Mine Drainage in semi-arid monsoonal Queensland?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, 1-6 Aug, 2010.
Reading, L., Lockington, D., Bristow, K. and Baumgartl, T. (2009). An analysis of the impacts of sodic soil hydraulic conductivity on deep drainage and groundwater recharge using the HYDRUS model. American Geophysical Union (AGU) National Meetings, San Francisco, USA, December 2009.
Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David R. (2009). Functions of Designed Cover systems in Semi-Arid Environments of Australia. First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 30 September - 2 October 2009. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Reading, Lucy P., Lockington, David A., Bristow, Keith and Baumgartl, Thomas (2009). The effect of irrigation water salinity on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of sodic clay soils. ASA, CSSA and SSSA Annual Meetings, Pittsburg, United States, 1-5 November 2009.
Fletcher, Andrew T., Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour, Kirchner, Rachel, Mulligan, David R. and Dunstan, N. (2009). Rehabilitation Options for Soils Affected by Oilfield Brine in an Arid Landscape, Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Enviromine 2009. Environmine 2009, Santiago, Chile, 30 September – 2 October 2009. Chile: Gecamin.
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Fletcher, Andrew T., Mulligan, David R., Fegan, Warwick and Munawar, Ali (2009). Hydrogeochemical evolution of an uncapped gold tailings storage facility. Enviromine 2009: First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 30 September - 2 October 2009. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Mulligan, David R., Doley, David, Baumgartl, Thomas and Kathleen Margaret LYNCH (2008). The Role of Vegetation in Mine Waste Cover Systems with Particular Reference to Australian Mine Rehabilitation. Mine Closure 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa, 14 – 17 October 2008. Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
McIlveen, Graeme, Mulligan, David R., Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour, Pudmenzky, Alexander and Rossato, Laurence (2008). Mine closure to relinquishment: The development of partnerships and management tools to support the process. Mine Closure 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa, 14 - 17 October 2008. Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Edraki, M., Baumgartl, T. and Noller, B. (2007). Developing a quantitative framework to assess the success of mine site rehabilitation. Mine Closure 2007, Santiago, Chile, 16-19 October 2007. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin Ltd.
Forsyth, B., Edraki, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2006). An assessment of the leaching behaviour of coal combustion by-products and biosolids for long-term ash dam management. Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Adelaide, Australia, 17-20 September, 2006. Adelaide, Australia: CAUSAL Productions for EIANZ.
Nguyen, A. D., Gasparon, M. and Baumgartl, T. (2006). Chemical and mechanical stability of waste rock at the Mole River Arsenic Mine, Australia. Fourteenth Annual JKMRC Postgraduate Conference and Second JKMRC International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 7-8 March 2006. Brisbane, Qld.: Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre.
Edraki, M., Baumgartl, T. and Haymont, R. (2006). Investigating the linkage between water fluxes, geochemistry and water quality in the post-closure landscape of the Mt Leyshon mine, Queensland. Mine Closure 2006, Perth, WA, 13-15 September 2006. Nedlands WA: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Edraki, M., Baumgartl, T., Mulligan, D. R. and Haymont, R. (2006). Post closure management of the Mt Leyshon gold mine: Water the integrator. Water in Mining 2006, Brisbane, Queensland, 14-16 November 2006. Carlton, Victoria: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Baumgartl, T. (2005). Prediction and modeling of tensile stresses and shrinkage. From Experimental Evidence towards Numerical Modeling of Unsaturated Soils, Weimer, Germany, 18-19 September 2003. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Horn, R., Taubner, H., Wuttke, M. and Baumgartl, T. (1994). Soil physical properties related to soil structure. ISTRO 1994: 13th Conference of the International Soil Tillage Research Organization, Aalborg, Denmark, 24-29 July, 1994. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/0167-1987(94)90005-1
Department Technical Report
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Gautama, Rudy Sayoga, Kusuma, Ginting Jalu and Munawar, Ali (2015). Mitigating Acid and Metalliferous Drainage in the Asam-Asam Basin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Mining for Development Centre.
Research Reports
Pagliero, Liliana, McIntyre, Neil, Baumgartl, Thomas and Ossa Moreno, Juan Sebastian (2021). Mount Margaret E1N water balance. Brisbane, Australia: Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland.
Edraki, Mansour and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). Mt Isa tailings seepage project: Understanding tailings hydro-geochemistry for optimum closure outcomes - 2018. Brisbane, QLD Australia: The University of Queensland .
Shaygan, Mandana and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). Improving the timing of deposition for red mud in waste disposal sites. Brisbane, QLD Australia : Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, The University of Queensland.
Pagliero, Liliana, Baumgartl, Thomas and McIntyre, Neil (2018). Potential of the risk of erosion due to groundwater expression on a rehabilitated mine landform. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland.
Unger, Corinne, Baumgartl, Thomas, Bond, Carol, Glenn, Vanessa Caroline and Sabourenkov, Paul (2017). Mine rehabilitation and closure knowledge management WIKI: MRC-WIKI. Brisbane, QLD Australia: ACARP.
Gascon, Rachel, Soto, Maria, Oblasser, Angela, Calderón Rosa, Carla, Hoppe, Jutta, Salazar, Natalia, Lavin, Cristobal, Cruz, Cecilia, Jorquera, Juan, Guala, Campos, Bastidas, Maria, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Rojas, Luis (2015). Guia Metodologica para la Estabilidad Química de Faenas e Instalaciones Mineras. Santiago, Chile: Sernageomin, Chile.
Baumgartl, Thomas, Erskine, Peter, Chan, Jaclyn and Glenn, Vanessa (2015). Soil organic matter and green carbon in rehabilitation:their role in the carbon balance. Brisbane, Australia:
Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour and Park, Jinhee (2014). Assessing environmental safety of in-pit disposal of tailings in coal mines. Brisbane, Australia:
Baumgartl, Thomas, Nath, Vinod and Arnold, Sven (2014). BSOC Sloped Cover Trial Monitoring, Year 2 (2014) – Q3-Report. Q3-Report. St Lucia, QLD Australia: The University of Queensland Centre For Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Baumgartl, Thomas and Glenn, Vanessa (2012). A review of the international experience of rehabilitating prime agricultural land after coal mining. Brisbane, Australia: