MIWATCH: Mine Waste Transformation through Characterisation

The research group are applying geometallurgical tools to enable the geoenvironmental characterisation of mine waste across the life-of-mine

The global interest in mine waste reuse has increased significantly over the past five years as the mining industry seeks to reduce environmental footprints and legacies, and satisfy the growing demand for critical (or technology) metals with mine waste as a potential supplementary secondary resource. Motivated by this, the BRC have established the Mine Waste Transformation through Characterisation or ‘MIWATCH’ group.

The group use chemical, mineralogical, mineral chemistry, physical, and metallurgical testing tools to determine the properties of mine waste and assess how it should be best managed to reduce environmental risks. They have developed a set of integrated geometallurgical toolkits for use at the start of a mining project and also where mine waste already exists.

Research themes

Theme 1: Mineralogical and chemical data analysis to predict AMD Characteristics

The process of mining is not only concerned with commodity extraction but also moving and managing waste. Globally, up to 30 Gt of waste material per annum is removed, handled and placed into final repositories or landforms, based on engineering design criteria informed by geochemical parameters, where it remains indefinitely unless another use for it is identified. If inadequately managed, waste materials can pose a range of physical (i.e., dam failures) and chemical (i.e., acid and metalliferous drainage; AMD) geoenvironmental risks. The challenge remains for the mining industry to identify the mechanisms by which to cost effectively forecast and manage these potential risks at the earliest possible stage in a mine’s life. If adequately performed, then appropriate funding and environmental management strategies can be developed and embedded into the mine plan to enable better closure outcomes. Whilst the industry is cognisant of this, another major challenge is finding the right toolbox to facilitate early stage waste characterisation. For example, chemical (i.e., static and kinetic) tests have dominated how AMD properties have been measured since the late 1970s, but with AMD remaining an ongoing global issue (even at young mines), there is a necessity for innovation.

With an explosion of new tools and technologies for ore characterisation, there has never been a more opportunistic time to follow a geoenvironmental matrix approach whereby the ‘environmental geometallurgy’ toolkit is used for waste characterisation. The toolkit includes application of hyperspectral technologies to derive geoenvironmental domaining index values, improved used of handheld tools and chemical tests, data mining, and developing applications for µCT and 3D XRF drill core scanners. As we approach the next decade, the industry has the unique opportunity to embed the environmental geometallurgy toolkit into their operations and improve the management of geoenvironmental risk.

This theme is investigating how to optimize a range of datasets, including hyperspectral data, for early LOM characterisation.

Key researchers:

Associate Professor Anita Parbhakar-Fox, Enrique Sáez Salgado, Dr Laura Jackson, Dr Nathan Fox and Katerina Savinova (Total Deposit Knowledge program), Dr Gordon Forbes (JKMRC)

Sponsors:

Teck Resources, JKTech, Department of Resources

Theme 2: Evaluating the geochemical and geotechnical properties of mine waste

Tracking and managing the placement of waste material at an operational site is crucial to establish if geoenvironmental risks have been suitably minimized. This theme employs established and emerging tools for investigating the geochemical and geotechnical properties of mine waste.

Our geoenvironmental laboratories can undertake a range of bespoke static and kinetic testing to determine the acid forming properties of future and existing mine wastes.

In late-2022, MIWATCH are kicking off a new program exploring the application of environmental geophysics for characterizing Queensland’s mine waste and in 2023, we will be using drone-based technologies to further understand these challenging sites.

Key researchers:

Associate Professor Anita Parbhakar-Fox, Dr Laura Jackson, Dr Partha Narayan Mishra, Annah Moyo, Dr Nathan Fox, Dr Sasha Aivazpourporgou and Associate Professor Steven Micklethwaite (Total Deposit Knowledge program)

Sponsors:

Department of Resources, Newcrest, MMG Ltd, Grange Resources

Theme 3: Characterisation of existing mine wastes to find future critical metal resources

Mining has a critical role in providing essential mineral commodities for the transition to low emission energy generation, transmission and storage required to meet emission reduction targets and minimise global warming. However, there is increasing global focus on: i) Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks in mining; ii) adoption of circular economy principles; and iii) waste reduction across all industries. Motivated by this a new business opportunity to perform ‘secondary prospectivity’ analysis on mine waste is gaining momentum. In Europe, Chile, Canada, Australia and the United States alone, significant efforts by both Government organisations and the mining industry are underway to characterize and determine valorisation options for mine waste. For example, in Queensland, Australia reprocessing of tailings is being undertaken at the Century Mine to recover zinc, with plans to also recover gold at both Mt Morgan and the Tick Hill mines. Similarly, in Tasmania, Australia remining tailings at the Hellyer mine for lead, zinc, gold and silver has been ongoing since the late 2010s.

New research activities to continue exploration in these ‘next-gen ore deposits’ is underway across Australia with significant funding from State and Federal Government agencies and forms the foundation of this theme. Using an integrated chemistry-mineralogy-mineral-geobiology approach, we are exploring Australia’s existing mine waste to find new resources of several critical metals (e.g., cobalt, rare earth elements and indium). This new information will be used to develop a mine waste atlas of Australia to be delivered in 2024. Working across SMI and UQ, we are actively researching reprocessing and metal extraction options where significant resources have been identified.

This theme aims to breath new life into old mines to identify resources for the low carbon future.

Key researchers:

Associate Professor Anita Parbhakar-Fox, Dr Laura Jackson, Dr Kam Bhowany, Dr Kristy Guerin, Thomas Jones, Dr Zhengdong Han, Olivia Mejías González, Loren Nicholls, Sabrina Newton, Annah Moyo

Sponsors:

QLD Department of Resources, New South Wales State Government, Tasmanian State Government, Geoscience Australia, NTGS, GSSA, JOGMEC, Grange Resources, MMG Ltd

Available Projects

Characterisation of molybdenite (MoS2) mining waste for critical elements recovery
Investigation of indigenous bacteria in molybdenite mining waste and their potential use in bioleaching
Molybdenite weathering process and Mo transformation in mining waste
Mineral bio-carbonation as a method for stabilisation and carbon sequestration within tailings material
Unsaturated Behaviour of Tailings through the Window of Dielectric Measurements
Tracking the mineralogical evolution of non-iron sulphides in mine waste environments
Geoenvironmental characterisation of uranium in mine waste: a new toolkit
Establishing a geophysical toolkit for characterising Queensland’s mine waste (QLD Government sponsored PhD project)
Integration of new technologies for early AMD domaining (CRC TIME sponsored PhD project)
Examining Ni-laterite mine waste: Opportunities for critical metal recovery (GA sponsored PhD project)

Technical report papers

Exploring for the future – mine waste sampling and analysis: Zeehan tailings, Tasmania. Bhowany, Kamini, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Jackson, Laura (2022). Exploring for the Future, 1. W.H.Bryan Mining & Geology Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Phosphate Hill Mine. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Phosphate Hill Mine. 6/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Rocklands Tailings. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2021). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Rocklands Tailings. 3/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Herberton tailings. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2021). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Herberton tailings. 4/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Historic Horn Island gold mine. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2021). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Historic Horn Island gold mine. 2/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Cuthbert mine. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2021). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Cuthbert mine. 1/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Garnet mine. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2021). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Garnet mine. 5/6. BRC/SMI, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Morgan. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Jackson, Laura (2022). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mount Morgan. Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
Integrated characterisation of legacy waste, Hercules Mine, Tasmania. Jackson, Laura and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Integrated characterisation of legacy waste, Hercules Mine, Tasmania. Sustainable Minerals Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
Exploring for the future – mine waste sampling and analysis: Zeehan tailings, Tasmania. Bhowany, Kamini, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Jackson, Laura (2022). Exploring for the future – mine waste sampling and analysis: Zeehan tailings, Tasmania. Exploring for the Future, 1. W.H.Bryan Mining & Geology Research Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Lady Annie operations Final. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Lady Annie operations Final. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Centre pit waste characterisation: Savage River mine, Tasmania. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Centre pit waste characterisation: Savage River mine, Tasmania. Brisbane: UQ.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Capricorn Copper mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Capricorn Copper mine. DNRME Critical . St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Osborne mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Osborne mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Wolfram Camp mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Wolfram Camp mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Pindora mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Pindora mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Geometallurgical characterisation of future mine tailings, Alpala porphyry Cu-Au Project: Final Report. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Fox, Nathan (2020). Geometallurgical characterisation of future mine tailings, Alpala porphyry Cu-Au Project: Final Report. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: UQ.
Proposed sampling campaign: Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland- Interim Report for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Proposed sampling campaign: Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland- Interim Report for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Brisbane, Ausralia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Progress update - Interim Report 2 for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Progress update - Interim Report 2 for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland.
Assessing Recommercialisation Potential at the Mary Kathleen mine, Queensland: Interim Report for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Assessing Recommercialisation Potential at the Mary Kathleen mine, Queensland: Interim Report for the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: The University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Selwyn mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Selwyn mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Baal Gammon mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Baal Gammon mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Identifying reuse options for goethite waste, Cajamarquilla Smelter, Peru. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Whitworth, Anne (2020). Identifying reuse options for goethite waste, Cajamarquilla Smelter, Peru. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: UQ.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mt Oxide mine. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2020). Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Mt Oxide mine. St Lucia, QLD Australia: University of Queensland.
Cobalt and other critical metals in tailings of major mineral deposits in north Queensland: Century mine.
Identifying reuse options for goethite waste, Cajamarquilla Smelter, Peru. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Whitworth, Anne (2020). Identifying reuse options for goethite waste, Cajamarquilla Smelter, Peru. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland.
Assessing Recommercialisation Potential at the Mary Kathleen mine, Queensland. Fox, Nathan and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Assessing Recommercialisation Potential at the Mary Kathleen mine, Queensland. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland.

Journal Papers

Toward Closing a Loophole: Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Uranium Metallurgical Process Tailings. Vaughan, James , Tungpalan, Kate , Parbhakar-Fox, Anita , Fu, Weng, Gagen, Emma , Nti Nkrumah, Philip , Southam, Gordon, van der Ent, Antony, Erskine, Peter, Gow, Paul, and Valenta, Rick (2020). Toward Closing a Loophole: Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Uranium Metallurgical Process Tailings. JOM 73 (1) 39-53. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04451-7
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Data Integration of Critical Elements from Mine Waste in Mexico, Chile and Australia. Villa Gomez, Denys, Sáez Salgado, Enrique, Mejías, Olivia, Pat-Espadas, Aurora Margarita, Pinedo Torres, Laura Alejandra , Jackson, Laura, and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Data Integration of Critical Elements from Mine Waste in Mexico, Chile and Australia. Minerals 12 (2) 122 122. doi.org/10.3390/min12020122
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Review on metal extraction technologies suitable for critical metal recovery from mining and processing wastes. Whitworth, Anne J, Vaughan, James, Southam, Gordon, van der Ent, Antony, Nkrumah, Philip N, Ma, Xiaodong, and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Review on metal extraction technologies suitable for critical metal recovery from mining and processing wastes. Minerals Engineering 182 107537 107537. doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107537
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Heavy metal wombats?: metal exposure pathways to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) living on remediated tin mine tailings
Penrose, Beth, MacIntosh, Amy E., Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Smith, Laura B.E., Sawyer, Terrie, D'Agnese, Erin, and Carver, Scott (2022). Heavy metal wombats?: metal exposure pathways to bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) living on remediated tin mine tailings. Science of The Total Environment 835 155526 155526. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155526
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Trialling one-part geopolymer production including iron ore tailings as fillers. Mazzinghy, Douglas B., Figueiredo, Ricardo A.M., Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Yahyaei, Mohsen, Vaughan, James, and Powell, Malcolm S. (2022). Trialling one-part geopolymer production including iron ore tailings as fillers. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 36 (5) 1-12. doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2022.2047271
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Geophysical investigation of mine waste in the King River Delta, Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Cracknell, Matthew J., Nascimento, Sibele C., Heng, Wei Xuen, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Schaap, Thomas A. (2019). Geophysical investigation of mine waste in the King River Delta, Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019 (1) 1-4. doi.org/10.1080/22020586.2019.12072938
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Review on advances in mineral processing technologies suitable for critical metal recovery from mining and processing wastes
Whitworth, Anne J., Forbes, Elizaveta, Verster, Isabella, Jokovic, Vladimir, Awatey, Bellson, and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Review on advances in mineral processing technologies suitable for critical metal recovery from mining and processing wastes. Cleaner Engineering and Technology 7 100451 100451. doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100451
Mathematical modeling for optimized mine waste rock disposal: establishing an effective acid rock drainage management. Vaziri, Vahid, Sayadi, Ahmad, Reza, Mousavi, Amin, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Monjezi, Masoud (2021). Mathematical modeling for optimized mine waste rock disposal: establishing an effective acid rock drainage management. Journal of Cleaner Production 288 125124 . doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125124
Improved mine waste dump planning through integration of geochemical and mineralogical data and mixed integer programming: reducing acid rock generation from mine waste. Vaziri, Vahid, Sayadi, Ahmad Reza, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Mousavi, Amin, and Monjezi, Masoud (2022). Improved mine waste dump planning through integration of geochemical and mineralogical data and mixed integer programming: reducing acid rock generation from mine waste. Journal of Environmental Management 309 114712 114712. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114712
Treasure from trash: Mining critical metals from waste and unconventional sources. van der Ent, Antony, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Erskine, Peter D. (2020). Treasure from trash: Mining critical metals from waste and unconventional sources. Science of The Total Environment 758 143673 143673. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143673
Evolution of Sulfidic Legacy Mine Tailings: A Review of the Wheal Maid Site, UKFitch, Verity, Parbhakar‐Fox, Anita, Crane, Richard, and Newsome, Laura (2022). Evolution of Sulfidic Legacy Mine Tailings: A Review of the Wheal Maid Site, UK. Minerals 12 (7) 848 848. doi.org/10.3390/min12070848
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Geometallurgical characterization of non-ferrous historical slag in western Tasmania: identifying reprocessing options. Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Gilmour, Sarah, Fox, Nathan, and Olin, Paul (2019). Geometallurgical characterization of non-ferrous historical slag in western Tasmania: identifying reprocessing options. Minerals 9 (7) 415 415. doi.org/10.3390/min9070415

Conference publications

Critical metals concentration from mine wastes in Mexico, Chile and Australia: A data integration approach
Saez Salgado, Enrique, Villa Gomez, Denys, Mejías, Olivia, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Pinedo-Torres, Laura A., Jackson, Laura, and Pat-Espadas, Aurora M. (2022). Critical metals concentration from mine wastes in Mexico, Chile and Australia: A data integration approach. 16th SGA Biennial Meeting 2022, Rotorua, New Zealand, 28-31 March 2022
Exploring the potential for critical metal resources in mine waste: Geometallurgical characterisation of cobalt-bearing minerals in tailings at the Capricorn Copper Mine, Northwest Queensland
Nicholls, Loren, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Valenta, Rick, Gow, Paul, Degeling, Helen, Lisitsin, Vladimir, and Gray, Rosemary (2022). Exploring the potential for critical metal resources in mine waste: Geometallurgical characterisation of cobalt-bearing minerals in tailings at the Capricorn Copper Mine, Northwest Queensland. 16th SGA Biennial Meeting 2022, Rotorua, New Zealand, 28-31 March 2022. SGA.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis applied to indium-bearing minerals and textures at the Baal Gammon polymetallic deposit, Australia
Mejías, Olivia, Valenzuela, Martín, Townley, Brian, Fox, Nathan, Jackson, Laura, and Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2022). Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis applied to indium-bearing minerals and textures at the Baal Gammon polymetallic deposit, Australia. . 16th SGA Biennial Meeting 2022 , Virtual, 28-31 March 2022. Rotorua, New Zealand: Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits.
Integrated chemical and mineralogical characterisation at Horn Island, Qld: opportunities for valorisation of gold mine waste
Jackson, L., Parbhakar-Fox, A., Hall, T., Johnson, K., Lisitsin, V., and Degeling, H. (2021). Integrated chemical and mineralogical characterisation at Horn Island, Qld: opportunities for valorisation of gold mine waste. Sustainable Minerals '21, Online, 21-24 June 2021.
Geometallurgical characterisation of mine tailings: examples from Tasmania
Parbhakar-Fox, Anita , van Balen, Johanna , K'ng, Lexi , Meffre, Sebastien , and Danuyshevsky, Leonid (2021). Geometallurgical characterisation of mine tailings: examples from Tasmania. 10th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage, Online, 22 – 25 June 2021. Brisbane, QLD Australia: Sustainable Minerals Institute.
a href="https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:cf04487">Geoenvironmental characterisation of the King River Delta: a combined geophysical, geochemical and mineralogical approach
Nascimento, Sibele C., Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Cracknell, Matthew J., and Heng, Wei Xuen (2019). Geoenvironmental characterisation of the King River Delta: a combined geophysical, geochemical and mineralogical approach. 15th SGA Biennial Meeting on Life with Ore Deposits on Earth, Glasgow, Scotland, 27-30 August 2019 . Geneva, Switzerland: Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits.
Automated identification of sulphides from drill core imagery
Cracknell, M., Parbhakar-Fox, A., Jackson, L., Fox, N., and Savinova, E. (2019). Automated identification of sulphides from drill core imagery. PACRIM 2019, Auckand, New Zealand, 3-5 April 2019. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: AusIMM.
Geochemical Assessment of Critical Metals: A Geometallurgical Guideline for the Evaluation of By-Products of an IOCG Type Deposit, Chile
Mejías, Olivia, Quevedo, Javier, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Townley, Brian, and Danyushevsky, Leonid (2020). Geochemical Assessment of Critical Metals: A Geometallurgical Guideline for the Evaluation of By-Products of an IOCG Type Deposit, Chile. 7th International Conference on Geometallurgy, Chile, 23-27 November 2020
Growth of indigenous bacteria from mine tailings: Implications for bioleaching for cobalt recovery
Mukhopadhyay, Deb, Jones, Tom, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Southam, Gordon (2021). Growth of indigenous bacteria from mine tailings: Implications for bioleaching for cobalt recovery. 10th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage, Online, 22 – 25 June 2021. Brisbane, QLD Australia: Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Evaluating the potential use of industrial waste in the treatment of acid and metalliferous drainage produced by legacy mine sites in Tasmania
Moyo, Annah, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Meffre, Sebastian, and Cooke, David (2020). Evaluating the potential use of industrial waste in the treatment of acid and metalliferous drainage produced by legacy mine sites in Tasmania. 10th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage, Dubbo, NSW Australia, 23 March 2020. Brisbane, QLD Australia: Sustainable Minerals Institute.
Potential Use of Industrial Wastes in the Treatment of Mine Wastes: A Case Study of Legacy Mine Sites in Tasmania
Moyo, Annah, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, Meffre, Sebastien, and Cooke, David (2020). Potential Use of Industrial Wastes in the Treatment of Mine Wastes: A Case Study of Legacy Mine Sites in Tasmania. Goldschmidt 2020, Online, 21-26 June 2020. Washington, DC United States: Geochemical Society. doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1860
Geoenvironmental properties of the Quebrada Blanca deposit waste rock using hyperspectral mineralogy
Saez Salgado, Enrique, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Baumgartner, Regina (2022). Geoenvironmental properties of the Quebrada Blanca deposit waste rock using hyperspectral mineralogy. Next Generation Resources 2022, Capetown, South Africa (Online), 22-23 February 2022.
X-ray based technologies for geometallurgical characterisation
Fox, Nathan, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Gloy, G (2019). X-ray based technologies for geometallurgical characterisation. PACRIM 2019, Auckand, New Zealand, 3-5 April 2019. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: AusIMM.
Determination of rare earth element content in mine waste, Phosphate Hill Mine, NW Queensland
Jackson, Laura, Parbhakar-Fox, Anita, and Degeling, Helen (2022). Determination of rare earth element content in mine waste, Phosphate Hill Mine, NW Queensland. SGA 2022, Online, 28 -31 March 2022.
Utilising automated mineralogy and accelerated static tests to enhance kinetic testing evaluations
Parbhakar-Fox, Anita and Fox, Nathan (2019). Utilising automated mineralogy and accelerated static tests to enhance kinetic testing evaluations. 15th SGA Biennial Meeting on Life with Ore Deposits on Earth, Glasgow, Scotland, 27-30 August 2019. Geneva, Switzerland: Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits.
Geometallurgy of tailings: unveiling the next generation of mineral resources
Parbhakar-Fox, Anita (2019). Geometallurgy of tailings: unveiling the next generation of mineral resources. PACRIM 2019, Auckand, New Zealand, 3-5th April 2019. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: AusIMM.